Gerrymandering | A New Documentary Film
REPUBLICAN GERRYMANDERING UNCONSTITUTIONALOBSTRUCTION OF JUSTICE
CONTEMPT
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15TH AMENDMENT
1.
the use of violence and threats to intimidate or coerce, especially for political purposes.
2.
the state of fear and submission produced by terrorism or terrorization.
3.
a terroristic method of governing or of resisting a government.
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (42 U.S.C. §§ 1973–1973aa-6)[1] is a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S.[2]
Echoing the language of the 15th Amendment, the Act prohibits states from imposing any "voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or procedure ... to deny or abridge the right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race or color."[3]
Republican members of Congress objected to renewing the preclearance requirement (the Act's primary enforcement provision), arguing that it represents an overreach of federal power and places unwarranted bureaucratic demands on Southern states that have long since abandoned the discriminatory practices the Act was meant to eradicate.[8] Conservative legislators also opposed requiring states with large Spanish-speaking populations to provide bilingual ballots.[9] Congress nonetheless voted to extend the Act for twenty-five years with its original enforcement provisions left intact.[10]
14TH AMENDMENT
The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned
The courts have placed certain requirements on the redistricting process:
1. Each district must be equal in population
2. There must be an equal opportunity for minorities to elect the candidate of their choice
2. There must be an equal opportunity for minorities to elect the candidate of their choice
GERRYMANDERING TECHNIQUES
Packing: Placing as many voters of one type in a single district to minimize the number of elections they can influence.
Cracking: Spreading voters of one type over many districts where they will comprise minorities that are unable to influence elections.
Hijacking: Separating an incumbent candidate from his constituents and placing him or her in a district where he or she has no name recognition.
Kidnapping: Drawing two incumbent candidates into the same district so they must run against each other.
No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States;
BILL OF RIGHTS
an impartial jury of his vicinage," and may not be "compelled to give evidence against himself
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